30/12/2014

Abkhaz

                                              Abkhaz|Аҧсуа бызшәа   Living

                              What is it?

Abkhaz is a North West Caucasian language related to Abaza, Adyghe, Kabardian and Ubykh. About 100,000 people speak Abkhaz in Abkhazia, an autonomous republic within Georgia. There are also Abkhaz speakers, perhaps hundreds of thousands, in Turkey, the republic of Adjara in Georgia, Syria, Jordan, Germany and the USA. There are two main dialects of Abkhaz: the northern Bzâp dialect and the southern Abz'âwa dialect, upon which literary Abkhaz is based. Abkhaz first appeared in writing in 1862/3 in the Cyrillic alphabet using a spelling system based on the Bzâp dialect and devised by the Russian soldier-linguist Baron Peter von Uslar. Other spelling systems using the Georgian, Latin, and Cyrillic alphabets appeared during the 20th century. The current Cyrillic-based system, which has been in use since 1954, is considered somewhat cumbersome with its 14 extra letters for consonants and its inconsistencies. Recently there have been suggestions that a new Latin-based spelling system should be created.

                             
                                                  Alphabet:


А а
[a]
Б б
[b]
В в
[v]
Г г
[ɡ]
Гь гь
[ɡʲ]
Гә гә
[ɡʷ]
Ҕ ҕ
[ʁ/ɣ]
Ҕь ҕь
[ʁʲ/ɣʲ]
Ҕә ҕә
[ʁʷ/ɣʷ]
Д д
[d]
Дә дә
[dʷ]
Е е
[ɛ]
Ж ж
[ʐ]
Жь жь
[ʒ]
Жә жә
[ʒʷ]
З з
[z]
Ӡ ӡ
[d͡z]
Ӡә ӡә
[d͡ʑʷ]
И и
[j/jɨ/ɨj/i]
К к
[kʼ]
Кь кь
[kʼʲ]
Кә кә
[kʼʷ]
Қ қ
[kʰ]
Қь қь
[kʲʰ]
Қә қә
[kʷʰ]
Ҟ ҟ
[qʼ]
Ҟь ҟь
[qʼʲ]
Ҟә ҟә
[qʼʷ]
Л л
[l]
М м
[m]
Н н
[n]
О о
[ɔ]
П п
[pʼ]
Ҧ ҧ
[pʰ]
Р р
[r]
С с
[s]
Т т
[tʼ]
Тә тә
[tʼʷ]
Ҭ ҭ
[tʰ]
Ҭә ҭә
[tʷʰ]
У у
[w/wɨ/ɨw/u]
Ф ф
[f]
Х х
[x/χ]
Хь хь
[xʲ/χʲ]
Хә хә
[xʷ/χʷ]
Ҳ ҳ
[ħ]
Ҳә ҳә
[ħʷ]
Ц ц
[t͡s]
Цә цә
[t͡ɕʷʰ]
Ҵ ҵ
[t͡sʼ]
Ҵә ҵә
[t͡ɕʼʷ]
Ч ч
[t͡ʃʰ]
Ҷ ҷ
[t͡ʃʼ]
Ҽ ҽ
[t͡ʂʰ]
Ҿ ҿ
[t͡ʂʼ]
Ш ш
[ʂʃ]
Шь шь
[ʃ]
Шә шә
[ʃʷ]
Ы ы
[ɨ]
Ҩ ҩ
[ɥ/ɥˤ]
Џ џ
[d͡ʐ]
Џь џь
[d͡ʒ]
Ь ь
[ʲ]
Ә ә
[ʷ]

                                                            Sample Text:

Дарбанзаалак ауаҩы дшоуп ихы дақәиҭны. Ауаа зегь зинлеи патулеи еиҟароуп. Урҭ ирымоуп ахшыҩи аламыси, дара дарагь аешьеи аешьеи реиҧш еизыҟазароуп
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

                                                 Greetings:

Бзиара убааит! Hello!
Иҟои? How are you? 
Хар сымам. I'm fine! 
Иҭабуп. Thank's! 
Абзиараз. Good bye!


Tips: http://www.abyzshwa.narod.ru/grammar.htm
        http://www.freelang.net/online/abkhaz.php
        http://www.kapba.de/AbkhazianFonts.html

Source: http://www.omniglot.com

29/12/2014

Abaza

                                              Abaza|Абаза   Living

                          What is it?


Abaza is a North West Caucasian language spoken by about 45,000 people in the Russian autonomous republics of Karachay-Cherkessia and Adygea, and also in Germany, Turkey and the USA. It is fairly closely related to Abkhaz and is intelligible with it to some extent. Like other Caucasian languages, Abaza has a large number of consonants (63) and few vowels. As a result, it is considered by linguists to be one of the most difficult Caucasian languages to learn Between 1932 and 1938 Abaza was written with the Latin alphabet. Since 1938 however, it has been written with the version of the Cyrillic alphabet shown below. In Turkey it is still written with the Latin alphabet.

                                                                 Alphabet:

А а
[a]
Б б
[b]
В в
[v]
Г г
[ɡ]
Гв гв
[ɡʷ]
Гъ гъ
[ɣ]
Гъв гъв
[ɣʷ]
Гъь гъь
[ɣʲ]
Гь гь
[ɡʲ]
ГӀ гӀ
[ʕ]
ГӀв гӀв
[ʕʷ]
Д д
[d]
Дж дж
[d͡ʒ]
Джв джв
[d͡ʒʷ]
Джь джь
[d͡ʑ]
Дз дз
[d͡z]
Е е
[e]
Ё ё
[jo]
Ж ж
[ʒ]
Жв жв
[ʒʷ]
Жь жь
[ʑ]
И и
[i]
Й й
[j]
К к
[k]
Кв кв
[kʷ]
Къ къ
[qʼ]
Къв къв
[qʷʼ]
Къь къь
[qʼʲ]
Кь кь
[kʲ]
КӀ кӀ
[kʼ]
КӀв кӀв
[kʷʼ]
КӀь кӀь
[kʲʼ]
Л л
[l]
Ль ль
[ɮ]
ЛӀ лӀ
[ɬʼ]
М м
[m]
Н н
[n]
О о
[o]
П п
[p]
ПӀ пӀ
[pʼ]
Р р
[r]
С с
[s]
Т т
[t]
Тл тл
[ɬ]
Тш тш
[t͡ʃ]
ТӀ тӀ
[tʼ]
У у
[u/w]
Ф ф
[f]
ФӀ фӀ
[fʼ]
Х х
[x]
Хв хв
[xʷ]
Хъ хъ
[q]
Хъв хъв
[qʷ]
Хь хь
[xʲ]
ХӀ хӀ
[ħ]
ХӀв хӀв
[ħʷ]
Ц ц
[t͡s]
ЦӀ цӀ
[t͡sʼ]
Ч ч
[t͡ɕ]
Чв чв
[t͡ʃʷ]
ЧӀ чӀ
[t͡ɕʼ]
ЧӀв чӀв
[t͡ʃʷʼ]
Ш ш
[ʃ]
Шв шв
[ʃʷ]
ШӀ шӀ
[t͡ʃʼ]
Щ щ
[ɕ]
Ъ ъ
[ʔ]
Э э
[e]
Ю ю
[ju]
Я я
[ja]


Source: http://www.omniglot.com

                                                                

List of Linguages

English nameNative name
Abazaабаза бызшва (abaza bəzš˚a)
AbenakiAlnôba
Abkhazаҧсуа бызшәа (aṗsua byzš˚a)
Adygheадыгэбзэ (adəgăbză)
AfarʿAfár af
AfrikaansAfrikaans
Ainuアイヌ イタク/ Aynu itak
Akanakan
Albanianshqip / gjuha shqipe
AleutUnangam tunuu
Amharicኣማርኛ (amarəñña)
ApacheNdéé
Arabic(al arabiya) العربية
AragoneseFabla / l'Aragonés
Aramaic(Ancient)(lišānā 'aramā'ā) לשנא ארמיא
Aramaic(Syriac)(lešānā surjājā) ܠܫܢܐ ܤܘܪܝܝܐ
Aramaic (Neo-)(ātûrāyâ) ܐܬܘܪܝܐ (sûret) ܣܘܪܬ
AraneseAranés
ArapahoHinono'eitiit
Argobbaዓርጎባ (Äynū) / አዓርጎባ ኣፍ
ArmenianՀայերէն (Hayeren)
Հայերեն լեզու (Hayeren lezou)
Aromanian (Vlach)Armãneashti / Armãneashce / Rrãmãneasht
ArrernteArrernte angkentye
Assameseঅসমীয়া (asamīẏa)
AsturianAsturianu
AvarмагIарул мацI (ma'arul mats) авар мацӀ (avar maċ)
Awngiአውጚ
Aymaraaymar aru
AzerbaijaniAzərbaycan dili / Азәрбајҹан дили / آذربايجانجا ديلي
BalineseBasa Bali
Balkar(Karachay-Balkar)малкъар/балкъар (malqar/balqar)
къарачай-малкъар тил (karačay-malqar til)
Baluchiبلوچی
BambaraBamanankan
Bashkirбашҡорт теле (bašḵort tele)
Bassaɓasaá
Basqueeuskara
BejaBadāwīyä / بداوية
BelarusianБеларуская мова (Bielaruskaja mova)
BembaiciBemba / ciBemba / ichiBemba / chiBemba
Bengaliবাংলা (baɛṅlā)
BerberTamazight
Bhojpuriभोजपुरी (bʰojpurī)
Blinብሊን (bi.li.nə)
Blackfootᑯᖾᖹ /  ᖿᐟᖻᐟ /  ᓱᖽᐧᖿ (Pikuni / Kainai / Siksika)
Bosnianbosanski / босански / بۉسانسقى
Bretonar brezhoneg / brezhoneg
Bugineseᨅᨔ ᨕᨘᨁᨗ (basa ugi)
Buhidᝊᝓᝑᝒᝇ (buhid)
Bulgarianбългарски (bãlgarski) български език (bãlgarski ezik)
Burmeseဗမာစကား (bama saka)
Buryatбуряад хэлэн (burǎad hêlên)
Carrierᑐᑊᘁᗕᑋᗸ (Dulkw’ahke)
Catalancatalà
CayugaGoyogo̱hó:nǫ’
CebuanoSinugboanon / Sugboanon
Chagataiجغتای
Chahaቸሃ
Chamorrochamoru
ChechenНохчийн мотт (Noxchiin mott)
CherokeeᏣᎳᎩ (tsalagi)
CheyenneTsėhesenėstsestotse / Tsisinstsistots
ChichewaChicheŵa
ChickasawChikasha
Chinese中文 (zhōngwén)
Chinese
(Cantonese)
廣東話 [广东话] (gwóngdōngwá) 粵語 [粤语] (yuetyuh)
Chinese
(Dungan)
хуэйзў йүян / 东干语 (dōnggānyǔ)
Chinese
(Gan)
赣语 (gànyŭ) / 江西话 (jiāngxī huà)
Chinese
(Hakka)
客家話 [客家话] (hak7ga1fa5 / hak7ga1wa3)
客話 [客话] (hak7fa5 / hak7wa3)
土廣東話 [土广东话] (tu3gong3dung1wa3)
𠊎話 [𠊎话] (ngai2wa3)
Chinese
(Mandarin)
普通話 [普通话] (pŭtōnghùa) 國語 [国语] (gúoyŭ) 華語 [华语] (húayŭ)
Chinese
(Shanghainese)
上海闲话 (Zanhe-ëwo)
Chinese
(Taiwanese)
台語 (dai5-ngi2) 台灣話 (dai5-uan5-ue7)
Chinese
(Teochew)
潮州話 (Diojiu Ue)
Chinese
(Xiang)
湘语 (xiāngyŭ) / 湖南话 (húnánhuà)
ChipewyanDëne Sųłiné / ᑌᓀᓲᒢᕄᓀ
ChoctawChahta Anumpa
Comanchenumu tekwapu
CornishKernewek / Kernowek / Kernuak / Curnoack
Corsicancorsu
Creeᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ (Nēhiyawēwin) ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐤ (Nēhiyaw)
CreekMaskoki / Mvskokē empunakv
CroatianHrvatski
Czechčeština / český jazyk
DakotaDakȟótiyapi - Yankton Dakota
Dakhótiyapi - Santee Dakota
Dangmeadangbɛ
Danishdansk
Dargwaдарган мез (dargan mez)
Dariدرى
DinkaThuɔŋjäŋ
Dunganхуэйзў йүян (xuejzu jyjan) лохуэй (lohuêĭ)
DutchNederlands
Dzongkha /
Bhutanese
རྫོང་ཁ (dzongkha)
Erzyaэрзянь кель (erzjaņ keļ)
Estonianeesti keel
EsperantoEsperanto
EweEʋegbe
EyakI·ya·q
FaroeseFøroyskt
FijianVakaviti
Finnishsuomi / suomen kieli
FlemishVlaams
Fonfɔngbè
Frenchfrançais
Frisian (North)Noordfreesk (Wiedingharde) Nordfrasch (Mooring/Böökingharde) Nordfriisk (Sylt) Nuurdfresk (Föhr) Nuurdfriisk (Helgoland)
Frisian (West)Frysk
Friulanfurlan / marilenghe
Fulafulfulde
Ga
GalicianGalego
GandaLùGáànda
Ge'ezግዕዝ (gəʿəz)
Genoesezeneize / zeneisei
Georgianქართული (kʻartʻuli) ქართული ენა (kʻartʻuli ena)
GermanDeutsch
GodoberiГъибдилӀи мицци
GooniyandiGuniandi
Greekελληνικά (ellēniká)
GreenlandicKalaallisut / Kalaallit oqaasii
Guernsey NormanDgèrnésiais
GuaraniAvañe'ẽ
Gujaratiગુજરાતી (gujarātī)
Gwich'inGwich'in
HaidaXaat Kíl
Haitian CreoleKreyòl ayisyen
HänHäł gołan
Harariሃራሪ
Hausa(ḥawsa) حَوْسَ
Hawaiianʻōlelo Hawaiʻi
Hebrew(ivrit) עברית / עִבְרִית
HereroOtjiherero
Hindiहिन्दी (hindī)
Hungarianmagyar / magyar nyelv
IcelandicÍslenska
Igboigbo
Ilocanoilokano
IndonesianBahasa Indonesia
IngushгӀалгӀай мотт / ġalġay mott
Inuktitutᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ (inuktitut)
IñupiaqInupiatun
Irish (Gaelic)Gaeilge (na hÉireann) / An Ghaeilge
Italianitaliano
Japanese日本語 (nihongo)
Javanesebasa Jawa
Jersey NormanJèrriais
Kabardianкъэбэрдеибзэ (ḳêbêrdeibzê)
KabyleTaqbaylit / ثاقبايليث
Kaingangkanhgág
Kannadaಕನ್ನಡ (kannaḍa)
Kanurikanuri
KapampanganKapampangan
Karakalpakқарақалпақ тили (ḳaraḳalpaḳ tili)
KarelianKarjalan kieli
Kashmiriकॉशुर / كٲشُر
Kashubiankaszëbsczi jãzëk
KazakhҚазақ тілі / Qazaq tili / قازاق ٴتىلى
KhakasХакас тілі / Khakas tîlî
Khmerភាសាខ្មែរ (bhāsā khmɛ̄r)
KhoekhoeKhoekhoegowab / Nama
KikuyuGĩkũyũ
KinyarwandaIkinyarwanda
Kiribatitaetae ni Kiribati
KirundiíkiRǔndi
Komiкоми кыв (komi kyv)
Kongokikongo
Konkaniकोंकणी (kōṅkaṇī) ಕೊಂಕಣಿ (koṅkaṇi)
Korean한국어 [韓國語] (han-guk-eo)
KumykКъумукъ тил (Qumuq til)
KurdishKurdí / کوردی / к’öрди
KvenKainun kieli
Kwanyamakuanyama
Kyrgyzقىرعىز (kyrgyz) قىرعىز تىلى (kyrgyz tili)
LadinLadin
Ladino(djudeo-espanyol) ג'ודיאו‮–‬איספאניי
Lahndaਲਹਿੰਦੀ (lhĩdī)
LakotaLakȟótiyapi
Laoພາສາລາວ (pháasaa láo)
LatinLingua Latina
Latvianlatviešu valoda
Lazლაზური ნენა / Lazuri nena
Lezgianлезги чӀал (lezgi čʼal)
LimburgishLèmburgs
Lingalalingála
Lithuanianlietuvių kalba
LivonianLīvõ kēļ
LombardLombard / Lumbaart
Low German/Low SaxonPlattdüütsch / Nedderdüütsch / Neddersassisch
LuoDholuo
LuxembourgishLëtzebuergesch
Maasai/Maaɔl Maa
Macedonianмакедонски (Makedonski) македонски јазик (makedonski jazik)
Maldivianދިވެހި (dhivehi)
Maithiliमैथिली (mɛtʰilī)
MalagasyFiteny Malagasy
MalayBahasa melayu
Malayalamമലയാളം (malayāḷam)
MalteseMalti
MandinkaMandingo / لغة مندنكا
Manipuriমৈইতৈইলোন
MansiМаньси (Man'si)
ManxGaelg/Gailck (Vanninagh) / Yn Ghaelg / Y Ghailck
Māorite Reo Māori
Marathiमराठी (marāṭhī)
Mari/Cheremisмарий йылме (marij jəlme)
MarshalleseKajin M̧ajeļ / Kajin Majōl
MenomineeMamaceqtaw
Mirandeselhéngua mirandesa
MohawkKanien'keha
Mokshaмокшень кяль (mokšeņ kjaļ)
Moldovanлимба молдовеняскэ (limba moldovenească)
Mongolianмонгол (mongol) монгол хэл (mongol hêl)
MontagnaisInnu-Aimun
Nahuatlnāhuatl / nawatlahtolli
Naskapiᓇᔅᑲᐱ (naskapi) / Innu Aimun
NauruEkakairũ Naoero
NavajoDiné Bizaad / Dinék'ehjí
OccitanOccitan
OshiwamboOshiWambo
Nepaliनेपाली (nēpālī)
Newariनेपाल भाषा (nepāl bʰāṣā)
Niueanko e vagahau Niuē / faka-Niue
Nogaiногай тили (nogay tili)
NoongarNyungaa-wangka
Northern SothoSesotho sa Leboa
NorwegianNorsk
Nyamwezikinyamwezi
Nyororunyoro
Ojibweᐊᓂᔑᓇᐯᒧᐏᐣ (Anishinaabemowin) / ᐅᒋᐺᒧᐎᓐ (Ojibwemowin)
O'odhamO'odham ñiok
Oriyaଓଡ଼ିଆ (ōṛiyā)
OromoAfaan Oromo
Ossetianирон ӕвзаг (iron ævzag)
Palauantekoi ra Belau
Paliपालि (pāli)
PapiamentoPapiamentu
Pashto(paṧto) پښتو
Persian(fārsī) فارسى
PiedmontesePiemonteis
Polishpolski / język polski / polszczyzna
Portugueseportuguês
Punjabiਪੰਜਾਬੀ / ﺏﺎﺠﻨﭘ (panjābi)
QuechuaQhichwa
RagaRaga
Rapanuirapanui / pepito ote henua
RarotonganMāori Kūki 'Āirani / reo ipukarea
Romanianlimba română / român
Romanshrumantsch
Romaniरोमानो (romānī)
RotumanFaeag Rotuma
RussianРусский язык (Russkij jazyk)
RuthenianRusyn / Русин
Sámi (Inari)anarâškielâ
Sámi (Kildin)Кӣллт са̄мь кӣлл
Sámi (Lule)julevsámegiella
Sámi (North)davvisámegiella / sámegiellaa
Sámi (Pite)bidumsámegiella
Sámi (Skolt)Sääˊmǩiõll / Nuõrttsää’m
Sámi (South)Åarjelsaemien gïele
Sámi (Ter)Са̄мь кӣлл / saa'mekiill
Sámi (Ume)Ubmejensámien giella
Santaliसंथाली (sãtʰālī)
SamoanGagana Samoa
SangoYângâ tî Sängö
Sanskritसंस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam) संस्कृता भाषा (saṃskṛtā bhāṣā)
SardinianLimba Sarda / sardu
Sark NormanSèrtchais / Serquiaise
ScotsScoats leid / Lallans
Scottish GaelicGàidhlig (na h-Alba) / a' Ghàidhlig
Selkupшӧльӄумыт әты (šöļǩumyt ǝty)
Serbianсрпски (srpski) српски језик (srpski jezik)
Shavanteaʼuwẽ mreme
ShawneeSawanwa
ShonachiShona
ShorШор тили (Šor tili)
Siciliansicilianu
SidamoSidámo 'Afó
Silesianślůnsko godka / ślůnski
Sindhi(sindhī) سنڌي
Sinhalaසිංහල (sĩhala)
Silt'eስልጥኘ
Slovakslovenčina
Slovenianslovenščina
Somaliaf Soomaali
Soninkesoninkanxaane
Sorbian (Lower)dolnoserbski
Sorbian (Upper)hornjoserbsce
Southern SothoseSotho
South Slaveyᑌᓀ ᒐ (dene tha)
Spanishespañol / castellano
SundaneseBasa Sunda
Svanლუშნუ ნინ (lušnu nin)
SwabishSchwäbisch
SwahiliKiswahili
SwatisiSwati
SwedishSvenska
Swiss GermanSchwyzerdütsch
Syriac(Lishana Suryaya) ܠܫܵܢܵܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ
Tabassaranтабасаран чIал (tabasaran čʼal)
TagalogTagalog
Tahitiante reo tahiti / te reo Māʼohi
Tai Nüaᥖᥭᥰᥖᥬᥳᥑᥨᥒᥰ
Tajikтоҷики / toçikī / تاجيكي
Tamilதமிழ் (tamiḻ)
Tatarтатарча / tatar tele / تاتارچا (tatarça)
Teluguతెలుగు (telugu)
TetumTetun, Lia-Tetun
Thaiภาษาไทย (paasaa-tai)
Tibetanབོད་སྐད་ (pö-gay)
Tigreትግረ (tigre) / ትግሬ (tigrē) / ኻሳ (Xasa)
Tigrinyaትግርኛ (təgərəña)
TlingitLingít
Tok PisinTok Pisin
TongachiTonga
TonganFaka-Tonga / lea fakatonga
Tsezцез мец (cez mec)
TsongaxiTsonga
TswanaSetswana
TumbukachiTumbuka
TurkishTürkçe
Turkmenтүркmенче (türkmençe) түркмен дили (türkmen dili)
TuscaroraSgarooreh’ / Skarù∙rę’
TuvaluanTe 'gana Tūvalu
TuvanТыва дыл / Tyva dyl
Twitwi
Udmurtудмурт кыл (udmurt kyl)
UkrainianУкраїнська (Ukrajins'ka)
Urdu(urdū) اردو
UyghurУйғур /ئۇيغۇر (ujġgur / uyghur)
Uzbekأۇزبېك ﺗﻴﻠی o'zbek tili ўзбек тили (o‘zbek tili)
VendatshiVenḓa
Venetianvèneto
Vepsvepsän kel’
Vietnamesetiếng việt (㗂越)
Võrovõro kiilʼ
VoticVadjaa tšeeli
Walloonwalon
Waray-WarayWáray-Wáray / Winaray / Lineyte-Samarnon
WelshCymraeg / Y Gymraeg
WiradjuriWirraayjuurray / Wirraaydhuurray
WolofWollof
Xamtangaኃምታጛ
XhosaisiXhosa
Yiꆇꉙ
Yiddish(Yidish) ײִדיש
YindjibarndiIndjibandi
YolnguYolŋu matha
YorubaYorùbá
YupikYup'ik/Юпик
Ungazighmiistun (Central Siberian Yupik)
Yup'igtun (Central Alaskan Yupik)
ZhuangVaƅcueŋƅ / Vahcuengh
ZuluisiZulu
ZuñiShiwi'ma